Wrestling is a combat sport focused on grappling techniques, including takedowns, throws, pins, and submission holds. Unlike many striking-based martial arts, wrestling is centred around control, positioning, and physical endurance, with competitors aiming to outmuscle or outmaneuver their opponents rather than relying on strikes or kicks. What makes wrestling unique is its emphasis on body manipulation, with wrestlers using leverage, balance, and technique to gain superior positions or force their opponent onto the mat. It involves both stand-up wrestling, where competitors battle for control while standing, and ground wrestling, where they attempt to pin or submit the opponent once they are on the mat. Wrestlers are trained to use their body to execute efficient and powerful moves, developing both strength and technique. The sport's simplicity and focus on fundamental principles, such as balance, agility, and strength, make it different from martial arts that require a broader array of techniques like striking, kicking, or weapon use.

Wrestling is one of the oldest forms of combat sports, with its origins dating back around 15,000 to 17,000 years ago through cave drawings in France. It was a popular event in the ancient Olympic Games in Greece, with the first recorded Olympic wrestling competition taking place in 708 BCE. The sport evolved in various cultures, with the Greeks developing a style known as Pankration, which incorporated both wrestling and striking techniques. Wrestling continued to develop throughout history, with different regions adapting the sport to their cultural needs and military training practices. In the modern era, wrestling became formalised in the late 19th century, with two main styles emerging: freestyle wrestling and Greco-Roman wrestling. Freestyle wrestling allows for the use of both the upper and lower body in takedowns and submissions, while Greco-Roman limits holds and attacks to the upper body only. Wrestling became an established Olympic sport in 1904 and has since become a major international sport, with competitions held at both the professional and amateur levels. Today, wrestling is practised worldwide and is often a key component of mixed martial arts (MMA) training.

Wrestling competitions are divided into two primary styles: freestyle wrestling and Greco-Roman wrestling. Both styles involve a series of matches where competitors aim to pin their opponent (placing both of their opponent’s shoulders on the mat), or to score points for a variety of controlled takedowns, throws, and holds. Matches typically consist of two or three rounds, and wrestlers are judged based on their ability to execute techniques, maintain control, and avoid being pinned. In freestyle wrestling, competitors can use both their upper and lower body to execute a variety of takedowns, trips, and holds. In Greco-Roman wrestling, only the upper body is used for attacks, meaning that competitors focus on clinches, throws, and other upper-body techniques. Points are awarded for successful moves such as throws, reversals, or controlling the opponent’s movements. In addition to Olympic-level competitions, there are many regional and national wrestling championships around the world, as well as professional wrestling promotions.