Kendo is a traditional Japanese martial art that focuses on the way of the sword, using bamboo swords (shinai) and protective armour (bogu) to simulate real sword fighting. Rooted in the principles of Kenjutsu, the art emphasises the development of discipline, respect, and mental focus. What makes Kendo unique compared to other martial arts is its intense emphasis on the mental and spiritual aspects of combat, particularly Zanshin (awareness) and Ki-ken-tai-ichi (the unity of mind, sword, and body). Kendo practitioners engage in full-contact sparring, but the key goal is not only physical victory but also the cultivation of character and the pursuit of personal growth.

Kendo has its origins in Kenjutsu, the art of Japanese swordsmanship, which was developed by samurai to prepare them for battle. With the end of the samurai era in the 19th century and the subsequent abolition of the feudal system, traditional swordsmanship began to decline. To preserve the swordsmanship tradition and transform it into a more accessible form, Kendo was formalised as a sport in the late 19th century. The modern form of Kendo was shaped by the All Japan Kendo Federation and became standardised, emphasising safety and education while still honouring the historical aspects of swordsmanship. It spread beyond Japan and is now practised worldwide, with the International Kendo Federation overseeing global competitions and fostering the growth of the art.

Kendo competitions primarily involve shiai (sparring), where two practitioners face off in a series of points-based matches. Points are awarded for strikes to specific target areas of the opponent’s armour, such as the head (men), body (do), hands (kote), and throat (tsuki). There are also kata competitions, where pairs of practitioners perform a series of pre-arranged sword movements that simulate combat scenarios. Kata competitions judge the accuracy, precision, and fluidity of movement, as well as the application of kendo principles. Kendo tournaments range from local and regional events to large international championships, with competitors typically separated by rank, age, and gender.