Iaido is a Japanese martial art focused on the precise and controlled techniques of drawing and cutting with a sword, specifically the katana. The art centres around the practice of iaigoshi (stance), nukitsuke (the cutting technique), and batto (the drawing of the sword), where practitioners learn to draw, cut, and return the sword to its scabbard in one fluid motion. What sets Iaido apart from other martial arts is its emphasis on the precision of sword handling and the integration of mindfulness into each movement. Unlike martial arts like kendo, which focus on sparring with protective gear and a bamboo sword, Iaido is a non-combative art that hones the practitioner’s technique and control over their sword in a calm, deliberate manner.

Iaido has its origins in the swordsmanship traditions of feudal Japan, evolving from the martial art of bujutsu practiced by samurai. The roots of Iaido trace back to the 16th century, when various schools of swordsmanship developed techniques for drawing and cutting with the katana. These techniques were integral to battlefield combat, where a quick draw and strike could make the difference in survival. Over time, as Japan's society shifted away from warfare to a more peaceful era, the focus of swordsmanship training shifted from combat to a more spiritual and meditative practice. The formalisation of Iaido as a distinct martial art began in the 17th century with the development of the iaigoshi stance and the systematisation of techniques. The term Iaido itself, which translates to "the way of the sword," was popularised in the 20th century, particularly after World War II, as Japan sought to preserve its cultural heritage.

Iaido is primarily a traditional, solo martial art focused on form and technique, so its competitions are quite different from those in other more combative martial arts. The main types of competitions in Iaido involve performing kata, or forms, which simulate combat with imaginary opponents. In kata competitions, practitioners perform a series of pre-arranged forms, which involve drawing, cutting, and returning the sword to the scabbard in a fluid motion. The performance is judged based on factors such as technique, speed, power, balance, and the mental focus demonstrated throughout the kata.