Taekwondo is more than a martial art — it’s a living system of movement, philosophy, and cultural identity.
The Main Styles Of Taekwondo
Traditional Taekwondo
Traditional Taekwondo refers to the martial arts practised in Korea during the 1940s and 1950s by the original nine kwans (schools). These styles were heavily influenced by Japanese karate and Chinese martial arts, and were known by names like Tang Soo Do and Kong Soo Do. In 1959, the term "Taekwondo" was adopted to unify these practices under a Korean identity. Today, Traditional Taekwondo is still practised under names like Tang Soo Do and Soo bahk Do, emphasising forms (hyeong), discipline, and self-defence.
ITF/Chang Hon-Style Taekwondo
Founded by General Choi Hong-hi in 1966, the International Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF) developed the Chang Hon style, which includes 24 forms (tul) rooted in Korean history and philosophy. ITF-style Taekwondo emphasises sine wave motion, linear techniques, and semi-contact sparring. After political splits, the ITF now exists as three separate federations, all practising Choi’s original curriculum.
ATA/Songahm-style Taekwondo
The American Taekwondo Association (ATA) was founded in 1969 by Haeng Ung Lee. Its style, Songahm Taekwondo, is known for its structured curriculum, emphasis on personal development, and family-friendly approach. The ATA has grown into one of the largest Taekwondo organisations in the U.S., with international branches under ATA International.
Kukki-Style / WT-Taekwondo
Kukkiwon, established in 1972, is the official Taekwondo academy of South Korea. It defines the style practised in Olympic competition, often referred to as WT-style or Kukki-style Taekwondo. This style emphasises dynamic kicking, poomsae (forms), and full-contact sparring governed by World Taekwondo (WT). Kukkiwon also oversees black belt certification and instructor standards worldwide.
The Philosophy Behind The Arts
Taekwondo is deeply rooted in ethical and philosophical principles. General Choi outlined five tenets for ITF Taekwondo: courtesy, integrity, perseverance, self-control, and indomitable spirit. Kukkiwon and WT also draw from the Hwarang warrior code and the yin-yang philosophy, emphasising balance, respect, and personal growth. These values are not just taught — they’re embodied through rituals, discipline, and community practice.
Sparring Differences
Sparring styles vary significantly across Taekwondo traditions:
- ITF Sparring: Semi-contact, with points awarded for clean techniques. Hand strikes to the head are allowed, and excessive contact is penalised.
- WT Sparring: Full-contact, Olympic-style matches using electronic scoring gear. Points are awarded for kicks to the body and head, with extra points for spinning techniques.
- ATA Sparring: Light-contact, often point-based, with a focus on safety and control.
These differences reflect each style’s priorities — from sport and spectacle to discipline and self-defence.
The Origins of Taekwondo as a Whole
Taekwondo emerged in post-World War II Korea, as martial artists sought to reclaim and unify their practices after Japanese occupation. Influenced by karate, taekkyon, and Chinese martial arts, the founders of the original kwans worked toward a distinctly Korean martial art. Political and cultural forces shaped its evolution, with the South Korean government promoting Taekwondo as a national sport and international symbol. Today, Taekwondo is practised in over 200 countries and continues to evolve through both tradition and innovation.
Taekwondo is not a single style — it’s a constellation of philosophies, techniques, and communities. Whether you practice ITF, Kukkiwon, ATA, or a traditional form, you’re part of a lineage that values discipline, respect, and personal growth.
